A. 导言
测试是软件开发中最重要的方面之一。 如果你的软件不能按计划工作，你将有很多不快乐的客户。 测试不仅可以确保您的软件没有错误，而且还可以帮助您在潜在问题引发重大问题之前识别和修复它们。 在这篇博文中，我们将探讨软件测试的基本原理，以及它如何在 QA（质量保证）中发挥作用。 我们亦会提供一些改善测试技巧的贴士。 最后，我们将以一个资源列表结束这篇博文，您可以使用这些资源来进一步提高您的测试知识。
什么是软件测试?
软件测试是验证软件产品是否符合指定要求的过程。 QA，或质量保证，是确保软件产品满足所有客户和业务需求的整个过程。
测试从验证软件产品是否正常工作开始。 当产品按计划运行后，测试人员可以执行测试来验证正确的行为并识别潜在的问题。 最后，测试人员可以执行测试，以确定软件在各种条件或场景下如何执行。
严格测试的好处包括:
– 减少发布错误或低质量软件的风险
-消除在发展过程中因假设错误而造成的废物
– 提高顾客满意度
软件测试的类型
有不同类型的软件测试，但所有这些都涉及验证计算机程序的功能。 最常见的类型是单元测试、系统测试和集成测试。
单元测试是测试单个代码单元的地方。 这种类型的测试经常在开发环境中使用，以确保单个代码片段按预期工作。 系统测试是您验证整个系统按预期执行的地方。 这种类型的测试用于产品发布和上市前。 集成测试是在测试应用程序的不同部分如何协同工作时。 这种类型的测试可用于在发布前发现缺陷，或确认特性按预期工作。
软件测试员的作用
软件测试是一个验证软件满足客户需求的过程。 软件测试人员的作用是识别和验证代码中的缺陷。 重要的是有一个良好的测试过程，以便迅速发现缺陷，并在造成无法弥补的损害之前加以修复。
良好的测试过程的最重要方面之一是质量控制（QC）检查。 QC检查确保被测试软件与最终产品具有相同的质量。 它们有助于防止缺陷进入生产，通过防止问题的蔓延，可以节省时间和金钱。
同样重要的是要有专门的测试人员，他们擅长在软件中发现缺陷。 让测试人员了解要测试的特定软件类型可以增加他们早期发现缺陷的机会。
测试方法
测试方法
为了有效，必须使用适当的方法进行软件测试。 在本文中，我们将探讨传统软件开发和 QA 流程中使用的方法，并讨论如何将它们用于测试。
传统软件开发过程
软件开发是一个从产品或服务的概念到交付的过程。 在这个过程中，从开发人员到客户的各种涉众都需要对结果的产品感到满意。 下图显示了软件开发项目的典型阶段:
为了实现这些目标，不同的团队在整个项目中一起工作。 开发人员创建源代码，然后由 QA 测试人员测试。 如果发现任何问题，在将产品发货给客户之前，QA会予以解决。

质素保证测试及品质控制方法

要正确测试软件应用程序，您需要详细了解它的功能以及在不同条件下如何工作。 为了收集这些信息，QA 测试人员使用测试方法，如测试计划和测试用例。 测试计划概述了测试期间需要完成的具体任务，并为选择涵盖被测试系统所有方面的测试用例提供了指导。

测试计划还可以包括测试前的需求收集练习，以便开发人员知道需要测试什么，客户可以就所需的特性提供反馈。 最后，测试用例的设计应能准确地反映用户实际使用系统的方式。
软件测试的自动化
过去，手工测试是软件测试的唯一选择。
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https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-recording-heads-market-reports-contain-valuable-and-digestible-information-like-customer-survey-responses-and-social-economic-and-geographical-insights-forecast-till-2028-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-magnetoresistive-heads-research-includes-biographies-of-key-players-as-well-as-critical-financial-data-and-comparisons-2022-12-28
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https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/quantum-dot-sensors-market-size-2022—2028-selling-price-global-revenue-growth-factor-market-share-by-player-growth-analysis-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-cashmere-ingredients-market-report-analysis-from-the-last-several-years-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/lab-goggles-market-size-2022—2028-growth-drivers-trends-prevailing-in-the-industry-demand-supply-situation-foreign-trade-porters-5-forces-analysis-regulatory-framework-and-as-comprehensive-swot-analysis-of-the-sector-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-triacontanol-market-size-includes-details-of-its-size-products-and-geographic-scope-2022-12-28
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https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-portulaca-oleracea-extract-market-reports-provide-significant-and-easily-digested-information-such-as-consumer-survey-results-social-economic-and-geographical-insights-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-tropolone-market-research-report-covers-the-most-recent-marketing-trends-2022-12-28
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-pet-wellness-exams-market-size-by-types-languages-share-avg-selling-price-generate-revenue-market-share-2022—2028-2022-12-28