声称英国对制造业有影响,这有点厚颜无耻,特别是鉴于我们国家不再制造任何东西,而制造业正在消亡。 当然,我们知道后一种说法是多么虚假。 那么,英国制造业的真相和历史是什么呢? 作家菲尔·哈姆林·威廉姆斯与《制造商》闲聊他的新书《英国如何塑造制造业世界》。

1851年菲尔曾祖父参加的大展,宣布英国为世界第一强国,成为他写书的镜头。 然后他想出了一个关于1951年英国节的一个惊人的主意。

故事开始时,价格在下降。 从帝国内外从海上进口的棉花是由兰开夏郡的织工们用羊毛和亚麻制成的传统工艺织成的。 航运是至关重要的,而且将继续存在很多年。 拿破仑战争期间纺织品价格的下跌导致商人们寻求减少开支的方法,这是非常普遍的现象。 熟悉从原棉到机织物的程序的人,像约翰·凯、詹姆斯·哈格里夫斯和理查德·阿克赖特这样的男人,在工作中学到了艰苦的方法,他们断断续续地提供了解决方案。

随后的机械化需要比动物或水轮所能提供的更多的动力。 毫不奇怪,解决之道在于地主们为了收集被称为煤的黑色宝藏而挖的矿井。 当水雷泛滥,需要泵送时,蒸汽装置似乎是解决办法。 像托马斯·萨弗里、托马斯·纽科门、理查德·特雷维希克、约翰·布伦金索普和乔治·斯蒂芬森这样的男人再次成为工作中学习的人。

简言之,这标志着英国工业革命的开始。 它可能就此结束,但世界充满了各种可能性。 企业家们非常愿意承担财政风险,以便发展连接矿场和磨坊与港口和市场的铁路,因为它们润滑了贸易的车轮。 为什么要停靠海岸线? 英国六分之一的铁路和法国一半的铁路归功于顶级铁路建设商托马斯·布拉西。

蒸汽动力有多种用途。 詹姆斯·瓦特和马修·博尔顿将蒸汽动力引入了伯明翰这个工厂小镇,以加速那里的众多作业。

有趣的是,水力发电是由威廉·阿姆斯特朗(William Armstrong)倡导的,他发明了步枪炮。 谢菲尔德的两家钢铁制造商约翰·布朗和爱德华·维克斯使用了蒸汽动力。 约瑟夫·鲁斯顿和理查德·霍恩斯比在林肯郡的农田里推广机械化,但他们也走得更远,排除了俄罗斯肥沃的平原,在那里发现了新的用途,其中不乏壳牌创始人马库斯·塞缪尔(Marcus Samuel)的石油。

石油的力量
由于人们驾驶蒸汽驱动的车辆行驶在公路上,造成了灾难性的后果,所以车速受到传说中的红旗的限制。 考文垂的工程师们从考文垂工厂的戴姆勒工厂开始行动起来。 与一般看法相反,英国过去和现在都善于利用他人的想法。 接下来我们熟悉的名字是:兰彻斯特,亨伯,希尔曼,太阳光,莫里斯,奥斯汀,劳斯莱斯,等等。

这些活动的第二个问题是,我们积极保护我们的文化遗产,因此,当奥斯汀和莫里斯加入BMC时,他们继续竞争,而不是从必要的规模经济中获益。 约瑟夫·卢卡斯在幕后努力工作,隐藏在头条新闻的名字后面。

该公司成功地秘密地建立了对特定汽车零部件供应的近乎垄断的地位,在一定程度上迫使汽车公司标准化。 在第二次世界大战中,汽车工业为陆军和皇家空军的补给做出了重大贡献。 战后,它主导了出口推动,这对重建国家财政至关重要。

不仅是石油为汽车提供动力,还有船只、飞机和最终的火车。 关于航空,很容易理解两次世界大战是如何产生惊人的知识库的。 燃气轮机和航空发动机都将受到 Frank Whittle 的喷气发动机的启发。 另一个部分植根于传统的障碍是随着船舶和铁路的出现而出现的。

电气时代
两位意大利人(古列尔莫·马可尼(Guglielmo Marconi)和塞巴斯蒂安·齐亚尼·德费兰蒂(Sebastian Ziani de Ferrant)以及德国人(Werner von Siemens和Ivan Hirst)发现英国的经济气候更容易接受创造性想法,因此英国在电力传输方面处于领先地位。 然而,它确实需要美国财政来建立重工业,比如曼彻斯特特拉福德公园的大都会维克斯的西屋(Westinghouse)和英国橄榄球汤姆森-休斯顿的通用电气(General Electric)的西屋(Metropolitan Vickers)。

从这个跨大西洋基金会中,出现了三个由英国管理的庞然大物:AEI、English Electric和英国资助的GEC。 他们共同推动了”水塔的行进”,为分散的工业和家庭带来了电力。

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https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-qualitative-study-on-alternative-energy-vehicles-market-describes-in-depth-intelligence-based-on-a-structured-and-well-defined-data-need-that-may-help-you-make-strategic-decisions-relevant-to-this-industry-2022-12-21
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作者 Zeng Zhuojun

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