我们生活在一个感官世界。 不同的传感器可以在我们的家庭、办公室、汽车和其他地方找到。 这些传感器通过诸如我们走进房间时开灯、调节房间温度、探测烟雾或火灾、为我们冲泡一些美味的咖啡、在汽车靠近时打开车库门以及执行各种其他任务来提高我们的生活质量。
传感器使所有这些工作以及许多其他工作自动化成为可能。 在深入研究什么是传感器、传感器类型不同以及这些不同类型的传感器的应用之前，让我们先看看传感器（以及其他各种组件）所实现的自动化系统的简单说明。
在自动飞行控制系统上，许多传感器被用于执行速度控制、高度监测、位置跟踪、门状态监测、障碍物探测、燃料水平监测、机动等多种功能。 数据从每个传感器收集，由计算机处理，并与预设值进行比较。
为了保证飞行平稳，计算机随后向发动机、襟翼、舵和马达等不同部件发送控制信号。 在自动驾驶模式下驾驶飞机的能力是通过传感器、计算机和机械的相互作用而实现的。
构建一个成功的自动化系统需要考虑所有变量，包括力学（系统的输出，如发动机和马达）、传感器（为计算机提供输入）和计算机。
传感器的分类
不同的作家和专业人士以不同的方式对传感器进行了分类。 有些比较直接，而另一些则比较复杂。 该领域的专家可能已经使用以下传感器的分类，尽管这是相当简单的。
在第一类中，传感器分为主动和被动两类。 主动传感器是指那些需要外部电源信号或激励信号的传感器。
另一方面，无源传感器产生输出响应而不需要任何外部电源信号。
另一种分类方法基于传感器的检测方法。 电、生物、化学、放射性和其他检测方法就是一些例子。
我们的其他报告:
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