某篇新的综述回顾了铱基催化剂的近期进展和挑战,以及在这些催化剂实现商业化之前需要填补的研究空白。这篇论文发表在《纳米研究能源》杂志上。

清洁生产的氢在过渡期中至关重要,以避免危险的气候变化,作为一种能源载体,用于自身使用或作为合成燃料的组成部分,用于那些难以电气化的部分如长途航运和航空领域。

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然而,这种清洁生产的氢——通过电解法,使用电力将水分解成其组成部分氢和氧——非常耗能。这种电解法的能源强度又使得清洁生产氢的成本非常昂贵,因此与化石燃料不具竞争力。

如果这还不足以构成挑战,以风能和太阳能作为电解法的清洁电力来源,即所谓的“绿色氢”,会对电解泳池产生巨大负担,因为这些能源是间歇性的。太阳并不总是闪耀,风并不总是刮的。

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这意味着有时会没有电流,而其他时候可能会有巨大的电流波动,这会使电解泳池面临压力,进一步增加成本。然而,质子交换膜水电解器(PEMWE)在此方面是非常有前途的选择,因为PEMWE可以在高电流密度下运行,比如这些电流波峰。

电解法是由两部分或“半反应”组成的化学反应。一个是产生氢的“氢发生反应”(HER),另一个是产生氧的“氧发生反应”(OER)。但实际上,与整个过程的能量效率和清洁生产氢相比,后者是最重要的。

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因此,为了减少能源需求,降低清洁生产氢的成本,研究大量集中在改善与PEMWE很好地配对的OER催化剂的表现上,这些催化剂可以加速将水分解成其组成部分,即氢和氧的电化学反应的氧相关部分。

然而,PEMWE酸性环境中的严重腐蚀使得大多数基于非贵金属催化剂的使用,如钴、镍或铁,不稳定。但铱基催化剂在这些恶劣酸性环境中表现出更好的催化稳定性。

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最近的一些研究报道了铱基催化剂用于绿色氢生产的显着进展,包括使用新的合成方法和优化催化剂结构及成分。

然而,在充分发挥铱基催化剂对绿色氢生产的潜力之前,还有几个研究挑战需要解决。一个主要挑战是铱的高成本,而高成本正是新型催化剂旨在避免的。

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“为了克服这一难题,研究人员正在探索可以取代铱或减少所需铱量的新型合成方法和替代催化剂材料。

In Other News Around the World:

With a CAGR of 12.1% from 2023 to 2030, the Cephalosporine research offers important data on COVID-19, the effect of the Russia-Ukraine War, growth drivers, constraints, openings, and new product launches or approvals.

The marekt research study on AmBisome market provides the readers with effective insights on CAGR of 8.1% during 2023-2030.

Exparel Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Application, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies, And Segment Forecasts from 2023 to 2030, is projecting a 8.6% CAGR.

Liposomal Paclitaxel market research study may help with Qualitative Research, CAGR Analysis, and Global Growth Opportunities in this market from 2023 to 2030 and its projected CAGR Value of 6.1%

New Market Report on Paclitaxel Drug Comes With A Thorough Analysis Of Industry Trends, Share, Size from 2023 to 2030 and its projected CAGR Value of 13.1%

作者 宋·刘

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