关于我们应该将目标定在无限期增长经济的想法,近年来引起了很多争议,但这并不是完全新鲜的事情。 无止境的经济增长理念在工业革命期间开始崭露头角,此后一直占据主导地位。

经济增长范式

目前的经济增长模式是基于经济增长可以而且应该是无穷无尽的理念。 几十年来,这一范式一直是推动全球经济的主导力量,但现在正受到越来越多的挑战。 反对无止境的经济增长的主要论点是,它无法在环境上持续下去,并导致不平等加剧。

经济增长的极限

关于无休止的经济增长是否可持续的争论已经持续了一段时间。 有些人认为可以维持稳定的国家经济,而另一些人则认为无限增长是持续繁荣的必要条件。

在试图确定经济增长的可持续性时,有许多因素需要考虑。 一个重要的因素是资源。 如果我们使用的资源超过可补充的,那么我们最终将耗尽,经济将收缩。 另一个要考虑的因素是污染。 如果经济增长导致环境退化速度快于自然世界自身治愈的速度,那么,从长远来看,经济增长是不可持续的。 最后,我们还必须考虑不平等和贫穷等社会因素。

生态足迹

生态足迹是衡量人类对环境的影响的尺度。 指个人或人口使用的资源总量,包括可再生资源和不可再生资源。 生态足迹可以用来衡量人类活动或生活方式的可持续性。

界定可持续发展

可持续发展没有单一的定义,但大多数定义包括三个关键要素:经济增长、社会包容和环境保护。

实现可持续发展有许多不同的方法,但都需要经济增长、社会包容和环境保护之间的平衡。 例如,一种方法是关注绿色增长,这意味着以减轻环境影响的方式促进经济增长。 另一种方法是关注包容性增长,这意味着以造福社会所有成员的方式促进经济增长,而不仅仅是最富有的人。
为何会出现问题?

永无止境的经济增长的问题是它不能长期持续下去。 地球的资源是有限的,随着经济的继续增长,我们正在缓慢但肯定地耗尽这些资源。 这最终将导致诸如资源匮乏和环境退化等重大问题。

我们能做什么?

衡量可持续性的方法有很多种,但一个共同的衡量标准是生态足迹。 生态足迹是衡量在某一消费水平上养活某一特定人口所需的土地和水量的指标。 如果人口增加或消费增加,生态足迹也会增加。

四. 结论

对于无休止的经济增长是否可持续,没有简单的答案。 一方面,可以认为,我们目前的制度是不可持续的,我们需要找到一种力所能及的生活方式。 相反,有些人认为,只要明智地使用资源,开发新技术,就可以无限期地发展下去。 归根结底,没有正确或错误的答案,而是由每个人来决定他们相信什么。

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作者 Zeng Zhuojun

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