在冰岛苔藓和蘑菇中天然发现的酸性富马酸是柠檬酸循环（又称克雷布斯循环）的关键中间体。 这个循环对人体将碳水化合物、脂肪和蛋白质转化为能量的能力至关重要。 让我们来看看富马酸的一些应用。
富马酸的制法
富马酸确实存在于自然界，但我们如何获得它呢？ 富马酸通常有两种主要生产技术。 富马酸最初是由细菌产生的，按照原来的方法。 后来，这种生产方式被停止，目前的生产方式——石油化学生产和糖发酵——取而代之。
从本质上讲，石油化学生产需要使用碳氢化合物合成同样的化学品。 糠醛是一种由加工玉米制成的有机化合物，在钒基催化剂的存在下与氯酸盐结合，利用糖发酵生成富马酸。 简单地说，石油化工生产方式的成本效益是推动这一从自然生产向化学合成转变的动力。 L-苹果酸和L-天冬氨酸是富加酸的重要前驱体。
富马酸常用作调味剂、凝固剂、食品防腐剂和发酵酸。 了解一点它至关重要，因为它是食物中经常发现的最强的有机酸之一。 它被用于多种用途，其中之一就是原料的果味。 它通过与微生物的细胞壁相互作用来干扰微生物活动的能力使它成为一种有用的抗微生物剂。 富马酸是酸化剂,因此经常添加到各种食物和饮料中,以调节酸度和酸碱度。 富马酸具有这些特性，可以用作防腐剂。
因此,为了延长保质期,不仅包括新鲜牛肉,还包括其他烘焙食品。 甚至像啤酒、硬苹果酒和果汁这样的酒精饮料也加了进去。 每样东西都含有富马酸，包括玉米饼和加工蔬菜。 富马酸因其酸味而被经常用作甜味剂和口香糖。 富马酸的酸性也是柠檬酸的1.5倍左右。 这很重要，因为它暗示根据用途，你可以少添加，多获得这类产品。 在某些情况下，酒石酸和柠檬酸也被它所取代。 本文讨论了苹果酸在盐醋片中的应用。 苹果酸和富马酸结合在一起，有助于产生这种独特的风味。
对皮肤的益处
但是富马酸不仅存在于植物中,暴露在阳光下时,皮肤也会产生富马酸,因此最初被使用。 应用于自身免疫性疾病银屑病的治疗。 这种症状表现为皮肤瘙痒和红肿，被认为是环境因素引起的遗传性疾病。
富马酸安全吗？
虽然它基本上是无毒的,但仍然建议适量使用,因为高剂量可能会产生负面影响。 因此，FDA批准了富马酸及其衍生物的消费。
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