据美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)透露,2018年12月制造业员工平均每周加班3~6小时。 根据对24小时营业的公司轮班制和加班做法的调查,一些雇员每年加班多达500小时。 除了员工要求加班外,主管还必须公平地分配(并说明)加班时间。

加班费通常由公司根据工作惯例、年资或工会合同分配。 管理加班的公平分配常常归结为部门主管在一张纸片或电脑电子表格上记录每个雇员的加班时间。 许多工厂根据合同要求在休息室或服务商店打印和张贴时间表。
工厂的笔和纸张调度应该为实现处理加班、换班和资源管理的自动化系统提供一个理想的机会。 尽管如此,科尔曼咨询集团(Coleman Consulting Group)管理合伙人弗兰克·佩雷拉(Frank Pereira)估计,尽管科尔曼公司已经调查了全球35万多名员工,但只有大约一半的制造商拥有调度软件。 Pereira的公司帮助制造商分析他们的排班和加班实践,他观察到有许多方法可以跟踪加班和加班。

根据在线软件发现平台Capterra的数据,市场上有超过100家换班软件制造商。 软件制造商报告说,他们常常惊讶地看到工厂经理如何策略性地看待时间表,尽管工厂管理员工时间表的方式会影响员工的留住和满意度。 软件公司高管报告说,他们经常发现主要制造商仍在使用电脑电子表格,甚至纸笔来制定时间表,并记录换班和加班情况

对于许多制造商来说,自动化调度是可怕的,因为很难像ERP实现那样为它提供金钱价值,这样可以节省10%的运输成本。 “更重要的是,由于员工的工作日程安排,在实施过程中出现问题的风险远远超过自动化日程安排所带来的好处。
问题

自动化调度方法

一些精通技术的工厂调度员将创建自己的 IT 程序来自动化员工请求和跟踪需求。 调度员熟悉工厂的加班政策和轮班挑战。 因此,定制系统是可行的。

然而,国产系统很少能很好地转换到另一个工厂,因为调度、加班甚至调度周围的语言在工厂之间会有很大的差异。 例如,虽然裁员这个词可能引起一种类型的设施恐慌,但它可能被用作等同于在另一种类型的设施休息日(如,我在这个星期五的轮班休息)。 根据顾问的说法,管理这些细微差别和复杂性是为什么历史上很难在多个工厂和制造商之间找到和实现一个单一的软件解决方案。

德雷珀认为,一些企业无法协调控制和灵活性,以充分解决工作规则、业务需求以及健康和安全问题。 大多数制造商使用劳动力管理(WFM)和人力资本管理(HCM)系统。 其中一些系统具有调度功能,因此制造商可以选择。 然而,根据软件调度专家的说法,确保您的系统允许员工选择轮班制、表达偏好或实时接受开放式轮班制是至关重要的。

中西部工厂希望自动化减少抱怨,提供情境感知

中西部一家制造工厂最近开始实施调度软件,此前该公司计算出,自动化工厂如何组织轮班、分配加班和发出通知来补充轮班,三年内可节省近500万美元。 工厂经理承认,通过工厂人工调度系统召集工人的错误导致每年支付84,000美元,用于解决与召集有关的投诉。 该公司每年还为调查和解决这些投诉的工人支付150万美元的工资。 管理人员计算,他们每年花费19,741个工时和9.49个FTE来维持工厂的人工调度过程和解决不满。

制造商们一直在寻找简化工艺、降低原材料、蒸汽和运输成本的方法。 制造商在智能工厂设计上投入了数百万美元。 然而,工厂可能没有意识到管理日程安排、不满和换班已经成为一种沉沦的成本。 更糟糕的是,许多工厂经理不知道人工排程从生产和安全上耗费了多少时间

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