当物理学家开始致力于开发真空管三极管的继任者时，利害关系极其重大。 三极管为整个商业无线电事业提供了动力，这个产业在1929年价值超过十亿美元，除了使长途电话和电影听起来成为可能。 然而，真空管很脆，耗电量很大。 如果可以用更持久、更可靠和更有效的三极管替代，那么好处将是巨大的。 该装置是一种三端半导体装置，能够接受输入端子中的低电流信号，并利用该信号控制在另外两个端子之间流动的较大电流，从而放大初始信号。 场效应——电场调制半导体材料的电导率的能力——将是这种器件的基本原理。 当时二极管及相关半导体研究有助于广泛了解场效应。
这是我们纪念晶体管75岁生日特别报告的一部分。 但20多年来，世界上一些顶尖物理学家发现，制造这种装置是一项不可逾越的挑战。 虽然类晶体管器件自1925年以来一直是专利申请的主题，但1947年秋天在AT&T贝尔电话实验室开发的著名点接触晶体管是第一个已知的功能晶体管的例子。 令人惊讶的是，尽管点接触式晶体管是20世纪最重要的发明，但还没有精确、彻底或权威的解释来解释它实际上是如何工作的。 现代、更可靠的结型和平面型晶体管不再依赖于第一晶体管中开发出来的表面效应，而是依赖于半导体大体的物理特性。 此外，这种学术上的差距也很少受到关注。 在点接触的切割图像中可以看到两个薄导体;它们与与一小块锗接触的点相连。
这两个点分别是发射极和集电极。 第三个触点的基座附着在锗的背面。 一个弯曲的弹簧被安置在一个看起来笨拙的锗、塑料和金箔组件上。 来自中西部的温和理论家约翰·巴丁（John Bardeen）和外向的实验家沃尔特·布拉坦（Walter Brattain）是这部电影的创作者。 两人都在威廉·肖克利手下工作，这种关系后来证明是有争议的。 1947年11月，巴丁和布拉坦因一个简单的问题而陷入困境。 他们使用的锗半导体上的一层电子似乎阻止了施加的电场穿透半导体并调制电流流。 没有调制和信号放大在1947年末，他们提出了一个解决方案。 它展示了一个小的锗板，上面有两块金箔，它们只是刚刚分开，被弯曲的弹簧轻轻推到表面。
点接触晶体管的机制常常被忽视，而倾向于在教科书和通俗记述中描述其更现代的后代运作。 事实上，该标准文本的最新版本，霍洛维茨和希尔撰写的《电子艺术》，通过谎称结晶体管是”1947年诺贝尔奖得主发明”，掩盖了点接触晶体管的存在。 然而，1948年肖克利发明了结晶体管;1947年发明了点接触晶体管。
我们的其他报告:
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/metal-robots-market-size-2022—2028-sale-revenue-trends-current-development-demand-supply-situation-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/smart-camera-market-research-report-by-leading-industry-players-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-emergency-bed-market-report-offers-information-about-the-markets-competitive-environment-including-some-of-the-major-players-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-indwelling-urinary-catheter-idc-marketsize-includes-details-of-its-size-products-and-geographic-scope-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/geotechnical-sensors-market—growth-trends-covid-19-impact-and-forecasts-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-handheld-vacuum-cleaner-market-research-study-may-help-with-qualitative-research-cagr-analysis-and-global-growth-opportunities-in-this-market-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/stethoscopes-market-size-from-year—2028-current-development-avg-selling-price-and-global-market-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-highly-reactive-polyisobutylene-study-examines-the-growth-prospects-in-the-highly-reactive-polyisobutylene-industry-and-assesses-their-potential-for-sustained-expansion-by-market-types-applications-and-regions-in-the-global-markets-as-well-as-their-anticipated-market-sizes-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-qualitative-study-on-industrial-wearable-devices-market-describes-in-depth-intelligence-based-on-a-structured-and-well-defined-data-need-that-may-help-you-make-strategic-decisions-relevant-to-this-industry-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-dosimeter-research-evaluates-the-size-of-the-dosimeter-market-its-growth-patterns-and-the-corresponding-market-share-analysis-by-technology-type-application-end-user-industry-and-geographic-region-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-adhesive-equipment-market-status-from-year-from-year—to-year-market-challenges-analysis-sales-volume-share-and-forecast-research-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-industrial-ovens-and-furnaces-market-report-provides-detailed-information-about-the-industrial-ovens-and-furnaces-industry-from-from-year-to-to-year-including-its-size-products-and-geographic-scope-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-hydraulic-hand-pump-market-research-report-provides-an-in-depth-examination-of-the-market-taking-into-account-the-parent-industry-significant-market-dynamics-and-trends-market-future-and-projected-market-size-based-on-the-value-and-volume-of-market-shares-and-key-players-strategies-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-hydraulic-jacks-report-helps-in-identifying-the-strengths-weaknesses-opportunities-and-threats-impacting-the-segments-of-the-global-market-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-janitorial-carts-market-is-described-in-full-in-this-research-it-tries-to-determine-the-markets-size-and-potential-for-future-expansion-across-many-segments-including-product-technology-applications-end-user-and-geographic-location-along-with-their-company-profiles-latest-developments-and-important-market-strategies-the-report-also-provides-an-in-depth-competitive-analysis-of-the-major-market-participants-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/our-research-report-on-laundry-folding-machine-market-offers-you-all-the-information-that-is-necessary-for-the-development-of-this-market-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-global-textile-folding-machine-market-is-anticipated-to-expand-significantly-over-the-projected-period-of-2022-to-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-metal-folding-machine-market-report-offers-a-market-analysis-of-the-industrys-key-growth-drivers-most-recent-market-trends-and-regulatory-environment-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/flaring-tool-market-size-share-trends-analysis-report-by-application-regional-outlook-competitive-strategies-and-segment-forecasts-from-2022—2028-period-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/laser-measuring-instrument-market-size-2022—2028-market-challenges-analysis-sales-volume-share-and-forecast-research-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/popsicle-machines-market-size-quantitative-analysis-segment-development-top-key-players-power-consumption-function-deployment-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/portable-welding-generators-market-research-report-by-vertical-application-country—north-america-forecast-to2028—cumulative-impact-of-covid-19-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-refrigerator-thermometer-market-size-2022-market-research-report-current-developments-company-product-type-application-regions-and-forecast-till-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-deluge-valve-market-research-report-provides-information-on-major-lucrative-areas-in-the-industry-and-also-contains-an-in-depth-analysis-of-global-regional-and-national-sales-and-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-marine-deck-cranes-market-research-report-is-a-source-of-in-depth-business-data-and-information-the-report-provides-a-360-degree-perspective-of-the-organization-by-addressing-its-structure-operations-swot-analysis-product-and-service-offerings-and-corporate-actions-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-artificial-fiber-report-provides-a-comprehensive-view-of-the-market-including-an-understanding-of-the-competitive-environment-major-market-players-and-leading-brands-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-ad-blue-market-research-report-provides-crucial-data-on-the-key-companies-financial-summaries-shareholding-patterns-and-revenue-mix-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/cognitive-computing-technology-market-study-emphasizes-key-profitable-areas-in-the-industry-and-includes-an-in-depth-analysis-of-global-regional-and-country-sales-and-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/operational-database-management-system-market-research-report-a-tool-for-gathering-information-on-geographical-data-and-trends-throughout-time-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/automated-border-control-systems-market-research-report-a-tool-for-gathering-information-on-geographic-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/asperger-syndrome-drugs-market-research-report-by-vertical-application-country—north-america-forecast-to2028—cumulative-impact-of-covid-19-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-intraductal-papilloma-treatment-market-research-study-allows-for-a-more-in-depth-evaluation-of-financial-metrics-such-as-leverage-and-operating-ratios-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-mathematics-software-research-offers-a-comprehensive-examination-of-the-market-with-an-emphasis-on-crucial-components-like-drivers-restraints-challenges-and-prospective-opportunities-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/3d-architecture-software-market-size-2022—2028-market-segment-by-application-application-current-development-global-revenue-and-share-forecast-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/underwater-hotels-market-size-application-organization-size-sale-volume-share-the-impact-of-covid–19-regional-outlook-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-report-covers-the-rheumatic-fever-treatment-markets-comprehensive-trends-key-players-and-top-deal-values-providing-insight-into-how-why-and-under-what-terms-companies-are-currently-entering-rheumatic-fever-treatment-deals-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-musculoskeletal-diseases-treatment-market-predictions-are-created-through-secondary-research-and-cross-validated-by-corresponding-with-key-industry-participants-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hiring-software-market-size-global-revenue-volume-market-share-production-cost-and-forecast-till-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/animal-theme-parks-market-research-report-on-some-key-drivers-of-market-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/accounting-practice-management-software-market-size-2022—2028-market-type-quantitative-analysis-development-top-key-players-and-power-consumption-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-accreditation-management-software-market-research-report-aids-in-forecasting-the-accurate-market-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/affiliate-tracking-software-market-research-report-by-vertical-application-region—global-forecast-to-2028–cumulative-impact-of-covid-19-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/airline-reservation-system-report-provides-a-forward-looking-perspective-on-different-factors-driving-or-restraining-market-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-quartz-photomask-market-research-report-will-provide-insight-into-the-financial-status-market-size-and-market-revenue-2022-to-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hv-switchgear-market-report-unlocks-metrics-that-are-identified-and-measured-in-this-industry-to-assess-market-strategies-opportunities-and-trends-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-commercial-hd-security-cameras-market-intelligence-study-is-a-useful-resource-for-both-new-and-seasoned-players-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-rotary-paddle-switch-market-study-gives-users-access-to-a-comprehensive-view-and-a-complete-company-market-share-analysis-of-major-industry-competitors-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/fosfomycin-market-by-type-deployment-by-region-global-trends-and-forecast-from-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/our-market-report-on-erythromycin-comes-with-a-thorough-analysis-of-industry-trends-share-size-and-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-fan-convectors-market-research-reports-industry-experts-have-examined-the-profitability-and-growth-possibilities-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-cfa-piling-rigs-market-research-report-forecasts-market-size-by-type-application-and-region-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/detector-switches-market-size-dynamics-generate-revenue-research-on-report-rines-impact-of-covid–19-foreign-opportunity-installation-application-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/geomagnetic-sensors-market-report-study-from-2022—2028-market-share-new-trends-and-key-market-players-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-wristband-golf-gps-market-report-provides-a-detailed-picture-of-this-market-including-an-understanding-of-the-competitive-environment-major-market-players-and-leading-brands-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-report-on-the-underwater-fishing-cameras-market-covers-the-major-market-drivers-from-from-year-to-to-year-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/electronic-nose-e-nose-market-size-2022—2028-regional-development-deployment-growth-factor-production-cost-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-hdi-report-provides-a-pin-point-analysis-for-changing-competitive-dynamics-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/bioelectronics-and-biosensors-market-size-benchmark-competitive-strategies-current-development-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hip-replacement-implants-market-size-2022—2028-average-selling-price-and-sales-revenue-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/iodine-market-size-2022—2028-average-selling-price-and-sales-revenue-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/algae-biofuel-market-report-efforts-to-drive-growth-and-set-clearly-defined-kpis-that-align-with-specific-goals-aims-and-desired-outcomes-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-market-research-study-home-blood-pressure-monitoring-devices-contributes-to-industry-revenue-growth-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/global-mono-block-pumps-market-by-component-application-technology-vertical-region—forecast-to-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/orbital-welding-equipment-market-size-dynamics-generate-revenue-research-on-report-mines-the-impact-of-covid–19-foreign-opportunity-installation-application-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-qualitative-study-on-strut-system-market-describes-in-depth-intelligence-based-on-a-structured-and-well-defined-data-need-that-may-help-you-make-strategic-decisions-relevant-to-this-industry-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-agriculture-pump-set-market-outlook-report-is-an-in-depth-investigation-into-the-agriculture-pump-set-industry-insights-forecasts-potential-growth-opportunities-nations-and-businesses-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-study-of-monoblock-pump-market-research-report-provides-a-market-overview-of-the-industrys-major-growth-drivers-recent-market-developments-and-regulatory-environment-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hook-and-loop-product-market-global-industry-trends-share-size-growth-opportunity-and-forecast-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-market-research-report-on-the-yankee-dryer-industry-shows-how-technological-developments-are-transforming-this-business-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/bar-bending-machines-market-size-2022—2028-sales-volume-and-revenue-forecast-current-development-recent-development-application-deployment-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/bop-handling-system-market-size-2022—2028-current-development-avg-selling-price-global-market-sales-volume-and-cagr-market-segment-by-application-and-comparison-by-region-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/button-making-machines-market-size-2022—2028-sale-revenue-deployment-growth-factor-top-key-players-production-cost-segment-forecast-forecast-till-development-industry-analysis-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/bluetooth-mouse-market-size-shares-development-production-cost-top-key-players-segment-growth-factor-market-player-and-forecast-till-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/triple-lumen-catheters-market-size-share-trends-analysis-report-by-application-regional-outlook-competitive-strategies-and-segment-forecasts-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/lip-makeup-products-market-size-2022—2028-deployment-forecast-opportunity-avg-selling-price-share-trends-production-cost-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-mobile-charging-case-reports-projections-are-based-on-a-sufficient-set-of-hypotheses-and-methodology-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/incubator-shakers-market-size-forecast-till-2028-growth-factor-global-revenue-competitive-strategies-and-production-cost-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-tempered-hardboard-market-research-report-provides-useful-information-about-current-trends-in-this-rapidly-growing-industry-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-water-based-coating-market-report-helps-to-grow-in-recent-years-as-well-as-the-factors-driving-that-growth-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/android-kiosk-software-market-size-share-trends-analysis-report-by-end-use-by-technology-by-region-and-segment-forecasts-2022-2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/animal-shelter-software-market-research-report-was-developed-using-extensive-primary-and-secondary-research-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/apparel-management-software-market-size-global-market-sales-volume-and-cagr-market-segment-by-application-comparison-by-region-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/appointment-reminder-software-market-research-report-2022—2028-understanding-where-our-brand-stands-in-the-market-in-terms-of-performance-positioning-awareness-equity-and-reputation-among-your-customers-and-competitors-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-architectural-cad-software-market-research-report-on-top-key-players-growth-factor-organization-size-market-share-player-forecast-from-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-report-on-art-gallery-software-offers-a-wealth-of-data-on-trends-market-size-competitive-environment-development-trend-niche-market-important-market-drivers-and-challenges-value-chain-analysis-etc-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-assessment-software-market-research-report-will-provide-insight-into-the-markets-financial-status-market-size-and-market-revenue-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-user-authentication-solution-report-is-a-compilation-of-first-hand-information-qualitative-and-quantitative-assessment-by-industry-analysts-inputs-from-industry-experts-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/employee-assessment-software-market-size-2022—2028-development-avg-selling-price-growth-distribution-top-key-players-organization-share-trends-and-power-consumption-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/employee-performance-software-market-report-drive-growth-with-market-research-efforts-and-set-clearly-defined-kpis-that-align-with-specific-goals-aims-and-desired-outcomes-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-auto-dealer-accounting-software-research-report-offers-a-thorough-analysis-of-the-market-taking-into-account-the-parent-industry-significant-market-dynamics-and-trends-market-future-and-projected-market-size-based-on-value-and-volume-of-market-shares-and-key-players-strategies-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-auto-dialer-software-report-is-based-on-production-price-and-value-this-study-includes-sales-revenue-and-average-price-forecast-data-by-type-and-application-groups-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-report-on-the-background-check-software-market-covers-the-major-market-drivers-from-from-year-to-to-year-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-bar-pos-software-market-report-provides-current-market-trends-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-billing-and-provisioning-software-report-lists-the-top-firms-and-provides-an-analysis-of-the-major-driving-forces-in-this-sector-such-as-opportunities-and-economic-trends-that-will-effect-the-marketplace-in-the-future-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/brewery-software-market-reports-contains-valuable-and-easily-digestible-information-such-as-customer-survey-responses-and-social-economic-and-geographical-insights-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-business-card-software-market-research-report-focuses-on-market-size-deployment-challenges-the-impact-of-a-covid-19-pandemic-sustainability-in-this-fast-changing-industry-regional-scope-market-value-key-competitors-growth-rate-and-other-important-factors-regarding-this-industry-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/call-accounting-software-market-research-report-by-vertical-application-region—global-forecast-to-2028–cumulative-impact-of-covid-19-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/campground-management-software-market-by-component-application-technology-vertical-regions—forecast-to-2022—2028-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/cemetery-software-market-size-2022—2028-regional-development-deployment-growth-factor-production-cost-2022-12-14
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/this-platform-rigs-market-research-report-evaluates-the-key-opportunities-in-this-market-and-outlines-the-factors-that-are-and-will-be-driving-the-industrys-growth-the-platform-rigs-markets-growth-has-also-been-forecasted-taking-into-account-previous-growth-patterns-growth-drivers-and-current-and-future-trends-2022-12-14