例如,智能手机有数十亿个晶体管,它们是微型开关,是当代计算的基础。

为了操作量子数据,量子计算机也需要类似的技术。 但是,由于这项新技术的严格设计要求,即使是当今最尖端的CPU也无法转换成量子器件。 这是因为量子信息载体量子位元受到量子物理学规定的固有限制。
甚至构成光的光子也可能被科学家用来制造量子位元。 光子在远距离快速传输信息的能力以及它们与人造电子的兼容性使它们更具吸引力。 然而,制造一个受光激活的量子晶体管一直很困难,因为它需要光子相互相互作用,而光子本身很少发生。

美国马里兰大学电子与应用物理研究所附属的JQI研究员、电气与计算机工程教授江户华克和他的团队现在已经克服了这一障碍,成功地演示了第一个使用半导体芯片的单光子晶体管。

用于制造光子芯片的半导体有很多空穴,因此看起来像蜂窝。 进入芯片的光弹跳,被空穴图案捕捉;一个被称为量子点的微小晶体位于光强度最大的区域内。 当光子到达小工具时,点以类似于传统计算机内存的方式保存有关光子的信息。 点可以成功地访问存储器以调解光子相互作用,其中,一个光子的活动对进入半导体的后续光子产生影响。

这项新研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学博士后研究员、当时马里兰大学的研究生肖孙说:”在单光子晶体管中,量子点存储器必须保持足够长的时间,以便与每个光子量子位相互作用。”e被认为是一个晶体管,因为它能使单个光子切换更大的光子流,”作者写道。

科学家们发现,单个光子可能通过与点相互作用影响第二个光脉冲通过小工具。 初始光脉冲作为解锁芯片的钥匙发挥作用,让第二个光子进入。 如果第一个脉冲没有包含任何光子,那么光子点就会停止跟随光子。

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