单件流是一种精益生产技术,它可以通过提高质量、生产率和减少废物来提高效率。 考虑到产品是根据需求创建的,而正在进行的工作减少了,这也是管理生产库存的一个策略。
单件流程是精益制造的一个组成部分,它涉及一次创建一个项目。 它坚持一个前提,即在生产线的每个工序或阶段之间流动单一的产品往往更有效。 这种方法有时被称为”单件流”。 结果,这个过程更有效率,客户收到东西的速度更快。

批量生产技术,其中项目通过批量生产的每个阶段,通常与单件流程方法形成对比。 这个范式要求批中的每个产品在批次进入下一阶段之前完成上一阶段的制造。

一个件流和流生产之间的另一个区别应该作出,因为它们偶尔可以互换使用。
流程制造通常是一种批量生产技术,它使用自动装配线来生产几种类似的标准化产品; 因此,它要求劳动力的体力劳动较少。 这意味着流程制造更适合生产率高、投资自动化机器资源丰富的企业。

然而,由于连续流经常与流生成同义,所以会产生混淆,正如我们刚才看到的,连续流不同于单个流。 因此,如果您看到”连续流”这个短语,请注意它可能应用于两个不同的上下文中。

批量生产通常对中小企业很有效,因为它允许较低的最低订货量,并可进行修改,以提供最终产品的变化,这对于缩短生产周期是理想的。

但是批量生产有几个缺点,比如生产周期变长,成本增加,因为未完成的产品,也称为在制品库存(WIP),必须保存在现场。 “一品流”可以帮助处于这种状况的中小企业。 企业可以提高生产力和产量,同时降低现金流在可能无利可图的生产线中停滞的危险,因为某一项目在生产过程中的任何阶段都经常被”加工”。
当然,在有些情况下,某项产品的批量生产根本不能”转变成”一件流程。 例如,在烘焙过程中,将足够的面团做成一个饼干,交给其他人烘焙,然后重复这个过程,直到你有足够的一包饼干。 然而,考虑到这两个生产过程之间的区别很重要,以确保您正在使用最适合您和您的公司需求的产品。

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作者 Zeng Zhuojun

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