美国劳工统计局(Bureau of Labor Statistics)表示,2018年12月制造业员工平均每周加班3.6小时。
根据对维持24小时营业的企业轮班制和加班政策的调查，一些员工平均每年加班500小时。 除了允许员工要求加班外，主管还必须平均分配加班（并报告加班情况）。

通常，企业根据员工的工作习惯、资历或工会协议分配加班。 这通常归结为部门主管在一张纸上或电脑电子表格上写下每个雇员的额外工作时间，以管理加班时间的平均分配。 许多工厂根据合同要求打印出时间表，并把它们放在休息室或服务区。
工厂的笔和纸张调度问题应该是实现处理加班、换班和资源管理的自动化系统的绝佳机会。
不过，估计只有约50%的制造商使用调度软件。 根据Pereira的说法，跟踪加班和加班的方法和企业的做法一样多，他的公司帮助制造商分析他们的加班和加班习惯。
有100多家供应商的换班软件在一个互联网市场上的商业软件。 软件供应商声称，尽管工作场所如何管理员工日程表可能会对员工的幸福和留住产生影响，但他们经常被工厂经理如何从战略上对待日程表感到震惊。
软件公司高管称，他们经常看到一些大型制造商使用计算机电子表格，甚至纸和铅笔来制定时间表，并记录轮班制和加班情况。

工厂经理观察到，许多非工会工厂的员工认为他们的时间表，包括加班，是绝对的，尽管只有不到10%的美国制造业工人加入了工会。

自动化调度方法
一些精通 IT 的工厂调度员将创建自己的 IT 应用程序，以自动化员工请求并跟踪需求。 调度员知道加班政策和设施中的换班困难。 这使得一个定制系统能够正常工作。 然而，由于每个工厂的调度、加班甚至调度相关的词汇量都大不相同，因此本地解决方案很少能有效地适应其他设施。

中西部工厂旨在通过自动化来提高对形势的认识和减少抱怨

在估计自动化工厂如何计划轮班、加班和发出通知以支付轮班补贴将在三年内节省大约500万美元后，中西部的一家制造业企业最近开始部署调度软件。
工厂经理承认，该设施的人工调度方法造成了错误，导致每年解决约84 000美元的与呼出有关的投诉。
此外，该公司每年向雇员支付150万元的工资，以调查和解决这些投诉。
管理人员确定，该设施每年花费19 741个工时和9.49个临时工时，以维持其人工排期程序和处理投诉。

原材料、蒸汽和运输费用是制造商不断寻求削减的因素。 数百万美元被制造商投资在巧妙的工厂设计上。
然而，工厂可能没有意识到处理日程安排、投诉和换班已经变成了固定费用。 更糟糕的是，许多工厂经理没有意识到手工排班从安全和生产中夺走了多少时间。

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https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/apatite-gemstones-market-research-report-is-the-foundation-of-business-development-and-an-in-depth-analysis-of-this-markets-market-size-and-revenue-from-from-year-to-to-year-2022-12-16
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/lapis-lazuli-table-tops-market-size-and-market-status-forecast-from-2022—2028-2022-12-16
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-bauxite-clay-market-research-study-covers-bauxite-clay-industry-statistics-market-size-market-share-and-growth-rates-cagr-by-segments-and-sub-segments-at-the-global-regional-and-national-levels-with-an-annual-forecast-until-2028-2022-12-16
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/the-aluminum-ammonium-sulfate-market-research-report-a-breakdown-of-the-2022-to-2028-market-2022-12-16
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/ammonium-oxalate-monohydrate-market-size-current-development-sale-revenue-production-cost-region-and-forecast-from-year-2022—2028-2022-12-16
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/our-ammonium-phosphate-monobasic-research-report-focuses-on-covering-concepts-that-are-important-for-forming-the-base-of-ammonium-phosphate-monobasic-industry-2022-12-16