印度批准建造自己的LIGO引力波探测器

印度已经批准建造LIGO-India引力波天文观测站，这将加入全球网络，提高确定引力波来源和回答宇宙基本问题的能力。印度政府已经授予兴建所必须的最后批准，这是一项耗资3.2亿美元的工程，几乎与美国的双子LIGO（激光干涉式引力波观测站）设施一模一样。预计该观测站将于本十年末开始观察。

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“在过去几年里，我们一直在努力将一个LIGO探测器带到印度，”LIGO实验室的执行主任David Reitze说。“获得印度政府的绿灯是一个非常受欢迎的进展，这将不仅有益于印度，还有益于整个国际引力波社区。”

LIGO-India是由LIGO实验室（由Caltech和MIT经营，由国家科学基金会（NSF）资助）和印度的Raja Ramanna Center for Advanced Technology（RRCAT）、Institute for Plasma Research（IPR）、Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（IUCAA）和Department of Atomic Energy Directorate of Construction Services and Estate Management（DCSEM）合作开展的。这项计划几乎与LIGO位于美国华盛顿州汉福德和路易斯安那州利文斯顿的观测站一样，包括一个具有4公里长臂的L形干涉仪，将建在印度马哈拉施特拉邦的奥恩达市附近。

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LIGO-India完成后，将加入包括意大利Virgo和日本KAGRA在内的全球引力波观测站网络。凭借其先进的引力波传感技术，LIGO-India将极大地提高科学家定位引力波源的能力。由于它在地球上相对于LIGO、Virgo和KAGRA的位置，它还将填补当前引力波网络的盲区。

LIGO和Virgo已经检测到了数十次黑洞碰撞的巨大隆隆声。2017年，这些观测站还检测到了一次中子星碰撞，这不仅发出引力波，还发出波及电磁频谱的强大光波爆发。由于LIGO的双重设施和Virgo观测到了2017年的事件，科学家们能够缩小事件发生的天区。这证明了在引导基于光的望远镜精确定位出精确位置方面，这是一个至关重要的因素。基于光的观测导致了最终发现，金等重元素是在宇宙爆炸中形成的。

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自那时以来，LIGO-Virgo网络已经自信地检测到了一次涉及中子星的碰撞，虽然没有使用基于光的望远镜观测到。随着LIGO-India对天空的关注，发现这些所谓的多信使事件（其中光和引力波是信使）将成为一个更容易的任务。

LIGO-India的一些建设前活动已经进行了，比如设计LIGO-India建筑、修建通往现场的道路，以及制造和测试真空室。

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