240种哺乳动物揭开人类基因秘密
《科学》杂志的特别刊物刊登了由呈现出240种哺乳动物的DNA序列相互比较而得出的研究成果。来自Zoonomia计画的研究人员发现了密集的一些DNA,经过数百万年的演化,它们一直保持不变,而这些区域可能是生物学上重要的区域。研究还发现了不常见的哺乳动物特征的基因基础,例如冬眠或能够闻到几公里外的微弱气味的去识别。同时还定位了可能特别容易灭绝的物种及对稀有和普遍人类疾病可能有因果作用的遗传变量。 Zoonomia计画是目前世界上最大的比较哺乳动物基因组学资源。超过150名科学家参与了该计画,其中许多人从受威胁或濒危物种中提供了基因组。
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该计画首席科学家Elinor Karlsson指出:“基因组学中最大的问题之一是人类有很大的基因组,而我们不知道它的全部功能。”对于如何利用其他哺乳动物基因学,并将其应用于人类基因组学的研究方法上,这些研究成果提供了一些关键的见解。
“研究发现了大多数保存完好的基因组区域–这些区域在演化过程中比随机基因组波动更为缓慢 –涉及胚胎发育和RNA表达的调节。而那些更容易改变的基因组区域则形成了动物与其环境的相互作用,比如通过免疫反应或皮肤的发育。”研究人员在其中一篇论文中写道。
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此外,研究还将焦点放在了不同的哺乳动物特征上面,例如,大脑大小,优越的嗅觉和能力,以及冬眠等等,并发现所有特征都可以追溯到其基因组上的基因型。
在保护生物多样性上,研究人员认为,基因保留量比环境保护法更能够确保生物多样性,因为动物忽略基因秩序可能会因此而灭绝。
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最后,研究人员还暴露了数百只哺乳动物的遗传变量,并与科学家之前用其他方法链接的疾病如癌症进行比较。他们发现基因变异与进化的逆程对人类疾病具有价值,并证明利用遗传变异研究减轻现有疾病可能会更容易。
Zoonomia计画对于对人类
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This report provides a detailed analysis of the Patient Slings market including a macro overview and a forecasted CAGR of 12.9% for the period from 2023 to 2030.
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