国际电子工程师协会(IEEE Fellows)和今年的国际电子工程师协会(IEEE Medal of Honor)荣誉奖章得主等全球最知名的设备工程师正在提出一种新的评估半导体技术进步的方法。 技术节点是当今的一个常用指标,大约20年前就开始脱轨。 从那时起,技术节点名称与其能够生产的小部件的规模之间的差异进一步扩大。 一个7纳米芯片并不真正包含那么小的东西。 斯坦福大学教授H.-S. Philip Wong声称,这种不匹配问题远比你想象的要严重得多。

他声称,一般研究界认为(设备)技术的时代已经过去了。 没有什么比表面看起来更虚伪了。

然而,看法已证明相当关键。 节点是芯片制造商、其供应商、消费者和行业路线图上雄心勃勃的工程师的目标。 主要的CPU制造商现在有了路线图,预计十年后将达到一个1纳米节点(1纳米等于5个硅原子宽度)。 据台积电商业研究副总裁Wong称,这个看似终结的终点正在阻止学生和年轻发明家为保持计算机的发展做出贡献。 我们看到学生人数在我们期望的时候减少了。

当摩尔定律盛行时,工业界基本上在每个节点都减少了整个晶体管,节点名称就变得有意义了。 这个术语实际上与晶体管栅极的长度有关,晶体管栅极的长度决定着有多少电流流过元件,并且是元件最重要的尺寸。 然而,物理学开始阻止晶体管在2000年左右被简单地缩小。 尽管工程师们开发了各种不同的方法来提高密度和性能,但业界仍然使用越来越小的节点数这一简单的方法。 今天我们有栅极长度为15纳米的晶体管,也就是7纳米的晶体管。

第一种是DL,表示某种技术每平方毫米可制造的最大逻辑晶体管数量。 事实上,它计算垂直体积中的每一个晶体管是至关重要的,因为它捕捉到了新兴的3D技术,如王帮助设计的3D碳纳米管设备。

第二张图,DM,描述了计算机主存储器中有多少个存储单元。 DRAM现在占据了主内存的大部分,但是即使最终以另一种形式取代它,统计数据也不会改变。

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作者 Zeng Zhuojun

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