人工细胞-未来的能源宝库
人工线粒体和叶绿体是合成细胞中能量生产的核心所在，也为开发新型生物材料提供了可能。在韩国搜江大学和中国哈尔滨工业大学的研究人员发表的一份研究报告中，他们评估了合成线粒体和叶绿体用于能源生产的进展和挑战。这些人工细胞器可以潜在地使新的生物体或生物材料得以实现。他们识别出蛋白质是分子旋转机械，质子传输和ATP生产的最重要的组成部分，这是细胞的主要能源货币。
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在自然界中, 能源生成的责任落在了叶绿体和线粒体的肩上，而且对于在实验室中制作可持续性合成细胞至关重要的。无论是在植物还是动物中，线粒体都不仅是“细胞的动力工厂”中学生物学经常听到的，也是最复杂的细胞内部组成部分之一。
如果科学家可以创造人造线粒体和叶绿体，我们可能开发出能够自主产生能量和综合分子的人工细胞，这将为全新的生物体或生物材料的创建铺平道路，首席作者信宽宇说。
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植物中的叶绿体利用阳光将水和二氧化碳转化为葡萄糖。线粒体则通过分解葡萄糖生成能量。
一旦细胞产生能量，它往往使用一种叫做三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的分子来存储和转移那种能量。当细胞分解ATP时，它释放了能量来支持细胞的各种功能。
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信说：“换句话说，ATP就像细胞的主要能量货币，而对于细胞执行大部分细胞功能而言，它是至关重要的。”
在该团队的研究报告中，他们描述了构建人工线粒体和叶绿体所需的组件，并将蛋白质识别为分子旋转机械，质子传输和ATP生产的最重要的方面。
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以往的研究已经复制了组成能量产生细胞器所需的组件。一些最有前途的工作研究了复杂的能量生成过程中所涉及的中间操作。通过连接蛋白质和酶的序列，研究人员提高了能量效率。
最大的挑战之一是在不断变化的环境中实现自适应，以维护稳定的ATP供应，这是尝试重建能量生产细胞器时仍然存在的限制。在合成细胞自给自足前，未来的研究必须探索如何改善这一局限性。
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作者们认为，创建具有模拟自然过程的生物合理的能源生成方法的人工细胞非常重要。复制整个细胞可以为将来的生物材料提供支持，并为过去提供见解。
信说：“这可能是了解生命起源和
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