神经纳米技术：纳米线网络能够像人脑一样学习和记忆
科学家们已经证明了纳米线网络可以展现出与人脑相似的短期和长期记忆功能。这些网络由高导电银线覆盖在塑料上，并排列成网状，模仿了人脑的物理结构。团队成功地使用了一项类似于人类心理学实验的任务来测试纳米线网络的记忆能力。这一纳米技术的突破意味着非生物硬件系统有可能复制类似于脑部学习和记忆的功能，并具有许多现实世界中的应用，如改进机器人技术和在不可预测环境中的传感器设备。
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在一项国际研究中，由悉尼大学的科学家领导的一个国际团队已经证明，纳米线网络可以像人脑一样展现出短期和长期记忆。这项研究成果发表在今天的《科学进展》杂志上，由物理学院的阿隆·洛夫勒博士领导，与日本的合作者合作。
“在这项研究中，我们发现高阶认知功能，我们通常认为只有人脑才能模拟，实际上可在非生物硬件中得到展现。”洛夫勒博士说。
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纳米线网络是一种纳米技术，通常由极小的高导电银线组成，这些线对于肉眼来说是不可见的，覆盖在塑料材料上，被散布在彼此之间，像网状一样。这些线具有与人脑联网的物理结构方面的相似之处。
纳米线网络的进步可能预示着许多现实世界的应用，比如改进机器人或传感器设备，在不可预测的环境中需要快速做出决策。
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“这个纳米线网络就像一个合成的神经网络，因为纳米线的作用就像是神经元，它们彼此连接的地方就像是突触，”物理学院高级作者Zdenka Kuncic教授说道。
“在这项研究中，洛夫勒博士没有实现某种机器学习任务，而是试图证明纳米线网络展现出某种认知功能。”
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为了测试纳米线网络的功能，研究人员给它进行了类似于人类心理学实验中经常使用的记忆任务，即N-Back任务。对于人类，N-Back任务可能涉及从一系列猫的图像中记住特定的猫的图片。N-Back得分为7，即平均得分为人类能够认出出现在七步之前的同一张图片。
当这项测试应用于纳米线网络时，研究人员发现它可以“记住”电路中七步之前的期望终点，意味着在N-Back测试中得分为7。
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“我们在这里所做的是操纵最终电极的电压，以强制路径改变，而不是让网络随意运作。我们强制路径走我们想要的方向，然后网络记忆它。”洛夫勒博士说。
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